No general jus soli. Birth in Oman alone confers nothing. Exception under article 15(3): a person born in Oman to unknown parents is deemed Omani. Ordinary nationality at birth follows an Omani-by-origin father (articles 11-12).
Naturalization as the spouse of an Omani under RD 17/2025
Restructured by Royal Decree 17/2025: the foreign wife of an Omani man may apply after eight years of marriage and continuous lawful cohabitation in Oman (reduced from ten under RD 38/2014), with a child of the marriage and other statutory conditions (art. 19). The foreign husband of an Omani woman may apply after ten years of marriage and continuous lawful cohabitation in Oman, with a child of the marriage (art. 18). Both tracks are discretionary.
Omani by origin if born in or outside Oman to an Omani-by-origin father (arts. 11-12). Children of an Omani mother and foreign father do not acquire automatically except under limited statutory cases (including certain grant/naturalisation descendants and statelessness safeguards).
Naturalization after about fifteen years residence
Ordinary naturalisation under article 17 requires fifteen years continuous lawful residence preceding the application (absences up to 90 days per year do not break continuity), Arabic reading and writing, good conduct, medical fitness, lawful sufficient income, and a written pledge to renounce other nationality. The Ministry may refuse any application without giving reasons (art. 3); courts have no jurisdiction over nationality matters.
Exchange normally requires residence in the destination and replaces the original licence. The official authority still decides validity, deadlines, classes, and any extra checks.