Dominican nationality by birth in the Dominican Republic
Persons born in the national territory are Dominican under Article 18, except children of foreign diplomats and of foreigners in transit or illegally present as defined by Dominican law.
A foreign husband of a Dominican woman may naturalize after six months of residence; a foreign wife of a Dominican man has residence waived at presidential discretion.
Sons and daughters of a Dominican mother or father are Dominican under Article 18, including many births abroad subject to the dual-nationality choice rules after age eighteen.
Article 19: foreigners may become naturalized in accordance with the law. Naturalized persons face political-office limits. Residence and other conditions are fixed by the nationality statute rather than a single constitutional multi-year floor.
Residency by Investment — Law 171-07 fast track (USD 200,000)
Foreign investors with a minimum investment of USD 200,000 qualify for the special investor residency: a MIREX Residence Visa (RS 'Inversionistas Ley 171-07'), then direct admission into the permanent-residence track at the DGM (skipping the 5-year ordinary ladder). First card valid 1 year, renewable; investment evidenced by a ProDominicana/CEI-RD registration certificate (or Zonas Francas / border-development / tourism certifications).
Baseline route for those not using the Law 171-07 fast track: MIREX RS visa, then DGM temporary residence RT-9 (1-year card, proof of economic solvency rather than a fixed amount), annual renewals toward permanent residence (RP-1), and a 10-year 'Residencia Definitiva' (RD-1) after 10+ years of continuous permanent residence.
Pensionado residency — Law 171-07 (USD 1,500/month pension)
Foreign pensioners receiving a permanent monthly pension of at least USD 1,500 (plus USD 250/month per dependent; salaries excluded) qualify via a MIREX RS visa then a DGM 1-year renewable residence card, with Law 171-07 tax incentives (imports, property transfer).
Rentista residency — Law 171-07 (USD 2,000/month passive income)
Foreigners with stable passive foreign-source income of at least USD 2,000/month (dividends, foreign rental contracts, or financial investments held 5+ years; plus USD 250/month per dependent; salaries excluded) qualify via a MIREX RS visa then a DGM 1-year renewable residence card, with the same Law 171-07 tax incentives.
Exchange normally requires residence in the destination and replaces the original licence. The official authority still decides validity, deadlines, classes, and any extra checks.